Static surface tension is rarely the value that controls spraying, coating or cleaning. The real question is how quickly the surface tension changes at process timescales.
A practical explainer of the Leidenfrost effect, showing how vapor films form on superheated surfaces and why that changes boiling, cooling efficiency, and thermal process behavior.
Explains how smartphone-based contact-angle measurement was validated against lab-grade methods, and why portable imaging can still produce reliable wettability data.
